Year

2018

Type(s)

Journal Article

Author(s)

Pander, P. and Data, P. and Dias, F.B.

Source

Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018(142), 2018

Url

https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059883666&doi=10.3791%2f56614&partnerID=40&md5=80f6eeea3df7a03e7fea65ac72a52289

BibTeX

BibTeX

BibTeX

@ARTICLE{Pander2018, author={Pander, P. and Data, P. and Dias, F.B.}, title={Time-resolved photophysical characterization of triplet-harvesting organic compounds at an oxygen-free environment using an iCCD camera}, journal={Journal of Visualized Experiments}, year={2018}, volume={2018}, number={142}, doi={10.3791/56614}, art_number={e56614}, note={cited By 2}, url={https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85059883666&doi=10.3791%2f56614&partnerID=40&md5=80f6eeea3df7a03e7fea65ac72a52289}, affiliation={Department of Physics, University of Durham, United Kingdom; Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Poland; Center of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland}, abstract={Here, we present a sensible method of the acquisition and analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence using an ultrafast iCCD camera. This system enables the acquisition of photoluminescence spectra covering the time regime from nanoseconds up to 0.1 s. This enables us to follow the changes in the intensity (decay) and emission of the spectra over time. Using this method, it is possible to study diverse photophysical phenomena, such as the emission of phosphorescence, and the contributions of prompt and delayed fluorescence in molecules showing thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Remarkably, all spectra and decays are obtained in a single experiment. This can be done for solids (thin film, powder, crystal) and liquid samples, where the only limitations are the spectral sensitivity of the camera and the excitation wavelength (532 nm, 355 nm, 337 nm, and 266 nm). This technique is, thus, very important when investigating the excited state dynamics in organic emitters for their application in organic light-emitting diodes and other areas where triplet harvesting is of paramount importance. Since triplet states are strongly quenched by oxygen, emitters with efficient TADF luminescence, or those showing room temperature phosphorescence (RTP), must be correctly prepared in order to remove any dissolved oxygen from solutions and films. Otherwise, no long-lived emission will be observed. The method of degassing solid samples as presented in this work is basic and simple, but the degassing of liquid samples creates additional difficulties and is particularly interesting. A method of minimizing solvent loss and changing the sample concentration, while still enabling to remove oxygen in a very efficient and a repeatable manner, is presented in this work. © 2018 Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.}, author_keywords={Chemistry; Degassing; Fluorescence; Issue 142; Oxygen quenching; Phosphorescence; Photophysics; Room temperature phosphorescence; Thermally activated delayed fluorescence; Time-resolved techniques}, funding_details={H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie ActionsH2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA, 674990}, funding_details={Engineering and Physical Sciences Research CouncilEngineering and Physical Sciences Research Council, EPSRC, EP/L02621X/1}, funding_details={Horizon 2020Horizon 2020}, funding_text 1={The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and the innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 674990 (EXCILIGHT), and from EPSRC, EP/L02621X/1.}, references={Uoyama, H., Goushi, K., Shizu, K., Nomura, H., Adachi, C., Highly efficient organic light-emitting diodes from delayed fluorescence (2012) Nature., 492 (7428), pp. 234-238; Dias, F.B., Penfold, T.J., Monkman, A.P., Photophysics of thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecules (2017) Methods and Application in Fluorescence., 5, p. 012001; Dias, F.B., Triplet Harvesting with 100% Efficiency by Way of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence in Charge Transfer OLED Emitters (2013) Advanced Materials., 25, pp. 3707-3714; Endo, A., Efficient up-conversion of triplet excitons into a singlet state and its application for organic light emitting diodes (2011) Applied Physics Letters., 98, p. 083302; Kaji, H., Purely organic electroluminescent material realizing 100% conversion from electricity to light (2015) Nature Communications., 6, pp. 1-8; Data, P., Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-Cored Donor-Acceptor-Donor Compounds as Green-to-Red/NIR Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light Emitters (2016) Angewandte Chemie International Edition., 55 (19), pp. 5739-5744; Santos, P.L., Engineering the singlet-triplet energy splitting in a TADF molecule (2016) Journal of Materials Chemistry C., 4 (17), pp. 3815-3824; Jankus, V., Highly Efficient TADF OLEDs: How the Emitter-Host Interaction Controls Both the Excited State Species and Electrical Properties of the Devices to Achieve Near 100% Triplet Harvesting and High Efficiency (2014) Advanced Functional Materials., 24 (39), pp. 6178-6186; Al Attar, H.A., Monkman, A.P., Dopant Effect on the Charge Injection, Transport, and Device Efficiency of an Electrophosphorescent Polymeric Light-Emitting Device (2006) Advanced Functional Materials., 16 (17), pp. 2231-2242; Jankus, V., The role of exciplex states in phosphorescent OLEDs with poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) host (2015) Organic Electronics., 20, pp. 97-102; Kozhevnikov, V.N., Cyclometalated Ir(III) Complexes for High-Efficiency Solution-Processable Blue PhOLEDs (2013) Chemistry of Materials., 25 (11), pp. 2352-2358; Jankus, V., Chiang, C., Dias, F., Monkman, A.P., Deep Blue Exciplex Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with Enhanced Efficiency; P-type or Etype Triplet Conversion to Singlet Excitons? (2013) Advanced Materials., 25, pp. 1455-1459; Li, J., Zhang, Q., Nomura, H., Miyazaki, H., Adachi, C., Thermally activated delayed fluorescence from 3n* to 1n* up-conversion and its application to organic light-emitting diodes (2014) Applied Physics Letters., 105, p. 013301; Endo, A., Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence from Sn4+ β-Porphyrin Complexes and Their Application to Organic Light-Emitting Diodes - A Novel Mechanism for Electroluminescence (2009) Advanced Materials., 21 (47), pp. 4802-4806; Nakanotani, H., High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes with fluorescent emitters (2014) Nature Communications., 5, p. 4016; Graves, D., Jankus, V., Dias, F.B., Monkman, A., Photophysical Investigation of the Thermally Activated Delayed Emission from Films of m-MTDATA:PBD Exciplex (2014) Advanced Functional Materials., 24 (16), pp. 2343-2351; Ward, J.S., The interplay of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and room temperature organic phosphorescence in sterically-constrained donor-acceptor charge-transfer molecules (2016) Chemical Communications., 52, pp. 3-6; Data, P., Exciplex Enhancement as a Tool to Increase OLED Device Efficiency (2016) The Journal of Physical Chemistry C., 120 (4), pp. 2070-2078; Okazaki, M., Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Phenothiazine-Dibenzo[a,j]phenazine-Phenothiazine Triads Exhibiting Tricolor-Changing Mechanochromic Luminescence (2017) Chemical Science., (4); Dos Santos, P.L., Dias, F.B., Monkman, A.P., Investigation of the Mechanisms Giving Rise to TADF in Exciplex States (2016) The Journal of Physical Chemistry C., 120 (32), pp. 18259-18267; Costa, B.B.A., Indirect consequences of exciplex states on the phosphorescence lifetime of phenazine-based 1,2,3-triazole luminescent probes (2017) Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics., 19, pp. 3473-3479; Dos Santos, P.L., Ward, J.S., Bryce, M.R., Monkman, A.P., Using Guest-Host Interactions to Optimize the Efficiency of TADF OLEDs (2016) The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters., 7 (17), pp. 3341-3346; Pander, P., Swist, A., Soloducho, J., Dias, F.B., Room temperature phosphorescence lifetime and spectrum tuning of substituted thianthrenes (2017) Dyes and Pigments., 142, pp. 315-322; Dias, F.B., The Role of Local Triplet Excited States and D-A Relative Orientation in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence:Photophysics and Devices (2016) Advanced Science., p. 201600080; Etherington, M.K., Regio- and conformational isomerization critical to design of efficient thermally-activated delayed fluorescence emitters (2017) Nature Communications., 8, pp. 1-11; Etherington, M.K., Gibson, J., Higginbotham, H.F., Penfold, T.J., Monkman, A.P., Revealing the spin-vibronic coupling mechanism of thermally activated delayed fluorescence (2016) Nature Communications., 7, p. 13680; (2017) ICCD System Overview., , http://stanfordcomputeroptics.com/technology/iccd-system-overview.html, September 8; Pander, P., Synthesis and characterization of chalcogenophene-based monomers with pyridine acceptor unit (2016) Electrochimica Acta., 210, pp. 773-782; Data, P., Electrochemically Induced Synthesis of Triphenylamine-based Polyhydrazones (2017) Electrochimica Acta., 230, pp. 10-21; Zhang, Q., Design of efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials for pure blue organic light emitting diodes (2012) Journal of the American Chemical Society., 134, pp. 14706-14709; Mehes, G., Nomura, H., Zhang, Q., Nakagawa, T., Adachi, C., Enhanced electroluminescence efficiency in a spiro-acridine derivative through thermally activated delayed fluorescence (2012) Angewandte Chemie International Edition., 51 (45), pp. 11311-11315}, correspondence_address1={Pander, P.; Department of Physics, University of DurhamUnited Kingdom; email: piotr.h.pander@durham.ac.uk}, publisher={Journal of Visualized Experiments}, issn={1940087X}, pubmed_id={30638200}, language={English}, abbrev_source_title={J. Visualized Exp.}, document_type={Article}, source={Scopus},